beco

beco is a file format that is used for storing per-coordinate data.

Structure

beco files are little endian on Switch and big endian on Wii U.

Header

Offset	Type	Description
0x0	u32	Magic (0x00112233)
0x4	u32	Number of rows
0x8	u32	Divisor
0xc	u32	Padding

Offsets

Offset	Type	Description
0x0	u32[num_rows]	Offsets to row data, divided by 2 and relative to the start of the row section

Rows

Segment

Offset	Type	Description
0x0	u16	Custom data
0x2	u16	Length (X axis)

This structure is repeated until the entire row has been covered by segments. The sum of all segment lengths is equal to the length of the map on the X axis.

Operations

Getting data for a given coordinate

The algorithm that returns the custom data that is associated with a coordinate is very simple. It consists of determining the correct row index in the table, then iterating over segments in that row and returning the segment data when the X coordinate is within its bounds.

For the reference, here is the official, mostly unreversed function that implements the aforementioned algorithm:

unsigned int __fastcall eco::getCurrentAreaNum(float posX, float posZ, Ecosystem *ecosystem, EcoMapInfo *info)
{
  float _x; // s2
  float _z; // s0
  int divisor; // w10
  int numEntries; // w12
  float v8; // s4
  signed int c_x; // w8
  float v10; // s0
  float v11; // s1
  int c_z; // w9
  int idx; // w9
  u32 *v14; // x9
  __int64 v15; // x10
  __int64 v16; // x11
  EcoMapEntry *tables; // x12
  EcoMapEntry *_entryEnd; // x11
  EcoMapEntry *_entry; // x10
  signed int totalLength; // w9
  unsigned int result; // w0

  _x = -5000.0;
  if ( posX >= -5000.0 )
  {
    _x = posX;
    if ( posX > 4999.0 )
      _x = 4999.0;
  }
  _z = -4000.0;
  if ( posZ >= -4000.0 )
  {
    _z = posZ;
    if ( posZ > 4000.0 )
      _z = 4000.0;
  }

  divisor = info->map->divisor;
  numEntries = info->map->numTables - 2;
  if ( (float)(_x + 5000.0) < 0.0 )
    v8 = -0.5;
  else
    v8 = 0.5;
  c_x = (signed int)(float)((float)(_x + 5000.0) + v8);
  v10 = _z + 4000.0;
  if ( v10 < 0.0 )
    v11 = -0.5;
  else
    v11 = 0.5;
  c_z = (signed int)(float)(v10 + v11) / divisor;
  if ( c_z <= numEntries )
    numEntries = (signed int)(float)(v10 + v11) / divisor;
  if ( c_z >= 0 )
    idx = numEntries;
  else
    idx = 0;

  v14 = &info->tableOffsets[idx];
  if ( divisor == 0xA )
    c_x = (0x66666667LL * c_x >> 0x22) + ((unsigned __int64)(0x66666667LL * c_x) >> 0x3F);
  v15 = (signed int)*v14;
  v16 = (signed int)v14[1];
  if ( (signed int)v15 >= (signed int)v16 )
    return 0xFFFFFFFF;

  tables = info->tables;
  _entryEnd = (EcoMapEntry *)((char *)tables + 2 * v16);
  _entry = (EcoMapEntry *)((char *)tables + 2 * v15);
  totalLength = 0;
  result = 0xFFFFFFFF;
  while ( 1 )
  {
    totalLength += _entry->length;
    if ( c_x < totalLength )
      break;
    ++_entry;
    if ( _entry >= _entryEnd )
      return result;
  }
  return _entry->value;
}

A cleaner version of this algorithm is given below:

unsigned int eco::getCurrentAreaNum(float posX, float posZ, Ecosystem* unused, EcoMapInfo* info)
{
  posX = std::clamp(posX, -5000.0, 4999.0);
  posZ = std::clamp(posZ, -4000.0, 4000.0);
  float epsilon1 = (posX + 5000.0 < 0.0) ? -0.5 : 0.5; 
  float epsilon2 = (posZ + 4000.0 < 0.0) ? -0.5 : 0.5;
  int x =  posX + 5000.0 + epsilon1;
  int z = (posZ + 4000.0 + epsilon2) / info->header->divisor;

  uint row = std::clamp(z, 0, info->header->numRows - 2);
  if (info->header->divisor == 10)
    x = x / 10 + ((0x66666667LL * x) >> 0x3F);

  uint* offsets = &info->rowOffsets[row];
  if ( offsets[0] >= offsets[1] )
    return 0xFFFFFFFF;

  Segment* segment = reinterpret_cast<Segment*>((char *)info->rows + 2 * offsets[0]);
  Segment* segmentEnd = reinterpret_cast<Segment*>((char *)info->rows + 2 * offsets[1]);
  uint totalLength = 0;
  while (true)
  {
    totalLength += segment->length;
    if (x < totalLength)
      return segment->value;
    ++segment;
    if (segment >= segmentEnd)
      return 0xFFFFFFFF;
  }
}

Usage in Breath of the Wild

beco files are used in Breath of the Wild to map coordinates to arbitrary u16 data. Three beco files are used for different purposes: FieldMapArea.beco, MapTower.beco and LoadBalancer.beco.